Against what social science tells us about human happiness, the government is promoting sexualityism—a commitment to uncommitted, unencumbered, inconsequential sex—as the answer.
By
Helen Alvaré
Against what social science tells us about
human happiness, the government is promoting sexualityism—a commitment
to uncommitted, unencumbered, inconsequential sex—as the answer.
Professor Gerry Bradley made a spot-on observation here at Public Discourse that
one of the underlying forces driving the HHS abortion, contraception,
and sterilization mandate is the current federal ideology of “equal
sexual liberty,” embracing the notion that “women will and should have
lots more sexual intercourse than they have interest in conceiving
children. … [that] sexual license should never impede a woman’s
lifestyle, at least no more than it does a man’s.” Elsewhere, I have
identified such a position as “sexual expressionism” or “sexualityism”
and have defined it to include also the suggestion that sex should not
only be free of the slightest reflection on its link with procreation,
but also free of commitment, or even the real possibility of a
relationship between the man and the woman involved.
In this essay, I propose to examine this ideology, not only from a
woman’s perspective, but also from the best scientific evidence we can
currently lay our hands on. I will suggest that the insidious “twofer”
the White House is currently proposing—trampling religious freedom in
order to promote sexualityism—is even worse than doing the latter alone.
First, it should be noted that sexualityism is no more than a theory about a claimed cause of women’s happiness—i.e.,
that its growth is directly proportional to women’s ability to express
themselves sexually without commitment and without the possibility of
children. The HHS mandate stands on this theory. In a world of easy
availability of birth control and abortion, the only reason for a
federal mandate for a “free” and universal supply is to try to send the
sexualityism message. The White House has all but come out and said:
“women of America, vote for the incumbent this presidential election
year because he supports women’s equality and freedom, which he
understands to include at the very least nonmarital and nonprocreative
sexual expression.” Why else choose Sandra Fluke—an affluent, single,
female law student, who demands a taxpayer-subsidized, 365-day supply of
birth control as the price of female equality—as your spokeswoman?
While every savvy media outlet understands the political theater going
on here with the whole “war on women,” anti-Republicans message, still
when the White House uses its powerful bully pulpit to send such a
message, cultural damage is done.
The theory of sexualityism has now had four to five decades to prove
itself. There has been a massive expansion of “sexual liberty” on a
nationwide scale. Consequently, by this time, observers (and
policymakers) with an objective bone in their bodies who believe in the
scientific method, would now be searching for a net improvement in the
reported happiness and freedom of women. If they did not find one, they
would discard this theory about women’s happiness and search for
another. But the opposite is happening: the federal government is
seeking to expand sexualityism—even while it appears to be at odds with
what all known social and human sciences tell us. Simultaneously, it is
claiming that groups and individuals who support practices that are closely associated with human happiness and freedom (religion and marital sexual intimacy) are irrational and unscientific.
The federal government has it exactly backward. Let’s look at the
evidence. First, there are the declining levels of female happiness,
best summarized in a paper by
University of Pennsylvania economists Betsey Stevenson and Justin
Wolfers. The study shows not only that women are less happy than they
were fifty years ago, but less happy relative to men, as well over the
same time period. Were increases in sexual liberty for women a key
determinant of happiness (sufficiently key to raise birth control above
even life-saving medicines for federal favor), a simple time-series
graph correlating the percentage of women using contraception in the
United States with the percentage of women reporting themselves as
"happy" would show a direct relationship. Instead, we have more women
accessing birth control but less female happiness as described above.
This is not to suggest that women’s happiness overall does not depend on
a host of factors. Of course it does. It is simply to say that if
contraception assumed the degree of positive importance in women’s lives
ascribed to it by today’s frenzied political advocates and interest
groups, one would expect to see some sort of correlation between its
exploding availability since the 1960s and levels of female happiness.
Second, even though conventional wisdom holds that sexualityism is
"scientific," whereas religion—or any theory linking the meaning of sex
with its structure (i.e., the intimate union of woman and man) or outcomes (i.e.,
partner bond, babies)—is irrational, the conventional wisdom fails to
account for the ideological roots of sexualityism or for modern evidence
about what does produce human happiness and flourishing. The likely
roots of sexualityism are in the work of Sigmund Freud, who believed in
freeing humans from sexual repression as a way of curing neurosis. To
put it mildly, Freud has been called into question by credible critics,
such as Richard Webster and Juliet Mitchell. His work is taught in many universities, but is disappearing from their psychology departments according to a survey reported in the New York Times. Some even consider Freud a deliberate fraud.
Further, evidence about what does correlate with human happiness
shows a robust relationship between marriage and religious commitment,
and happiness, for both women and men. (See, for example, Arthur
Brooks’s Gross National Happiness.)
This only makes sense. People are more than their bodily impulses,
their nervous systems, or their momentary desires. They are a complex
integration of body and mind, body and soul, body and spirit (or however
one wishes to phrase this union). Religious beliefs, and the associated
drive to live them with integrity and to practice them in action, are
therefore and unsurprisingly an important constitutive factor in human
happiness. The irony is rich: religious citizens and institutions are
called reductionists or physicalists by their detractors, but it is
instead those who reduce women’s happiness, freedom, and equality to
experiencing a substantial number and variety of uncommitted and/or
nonprocreative sexual encounters who should wear this badge.
Third, though the White House touts women’s equality as freedom from
childbearing (celebrating the anniversary of the abortion decision, Roe v.Wade,
President Obama stated: “Our daughters must have the same opportunities
as our sons”), the social and economic literature is clear that
achieving this result through large-scale birth control and abortion
programs also means more casual sex, more nonmarital pregnancy, and more
abortion (all of which America is witnessing). Yet a main driver of
male-female commitment is parents’ care for the babies they make
together. And the literature is equally clear that increases in casual
sex, nonmarital pregnancy, and single parenting are the most important
correlates of inequality in America—inequality between men and
women (as most poor, single-parent households are run by women), and
between blacks and whites.
Most of the backlash against the White House’s latest effort to
promote sexuality—the HHS “contraceptive mandate”—is a reaction to the
administration’s cavalier treatment of our precious American patrimony
of religious liberty. This specter is indeed frightening, and it has
generated a commensurate response from many able commentators. Less
treated—due to (rational) fears about a backlash—is the utter
irrationality of the federal government’s vaulting sexual expressionism
over religious freedom in the name of women’s equality and happiness.
And make no mistake about it, the backlash against fingering
sexualityism is real. For a while, after revealing my thoughts on the
subject on National Public Radio a few times, and being mentioned in a pro- and con- piece in the Wall Street Journal, I believed I might get off easy. But then Jon Stewart ridiculed me twice on the “Daily Show,” and the Internet magazine Salon featured a piece on my thinking, apocalyptically headlined: “Birth Control’s Worst Enemy.”
Setting aside the article’s multiple inaccuracies and the author’s
failure to call me, it made clear that I had committed public-image
suicide in the eyes of the people-who-matter. The comments are as
expected: I am the worst kind of self-loathing, woman-hating,
celibate-male-mouthpiece prude, who wouldn’t know good sex if it slapped
her across the face.
Yet I am far from alone in my conclusions. When this past February I co-authored an open letter
with Kim Daniels, to HHS and others, it included a substantial
paragraph taking on the subject of federal birth-control programs and
women’s immiseration. Nearly 30,000 women signed, solely via
friend-to-friend email. I had only sent it to about twenty-four. The
letter touched a nerve.
The women continue to write me weekly. They are relieved that someone
is saying what they believe but have not previously had a sufficient
forum for expressing. I hear personal stories about the side-effects of
the pill and about what one eloquent young woman titled the new “problem
that has no name”: how girls who believe in sexual integrity are
finding neither the courtships nor the marriages they desire. The new
“marketplace” for sex and marriage made possible by celebrating birth
control and abortion as some kind of “feminism” is raining down some
serious misery. Perhaps we’ve started something. Perhaps more of us will
continue to feel the urgency to speak. If so, we have the extremism of
the HHS mandate to thank for it.
Helen Alvaré is associate professor at George Mason University School of Law and a senior fellow of the Witherspoon Institute.
No comments:
Post a Comment